My post on 2010/11/26 started out simply enough.  Just something to share with the readers.  A post that was a mere gloss over something larger. 

I started the article out with: “Want to see some Roman Art?  Why wait for a museum to have a showing?  It’s all there on ebay.  Just put the following words into the search engine:   Roman Antiques. This on-line auction house  is truly the ‘peoples museum.’  Where else can such a collection be brought together at a touch of a key?  Roman marble head of bearded man  Starting bid $700. Roman Iron Knife with Bronzed handle  Starting bid $24.”

I admit I thought I was being clever.  Yes, a big mistake for someone with a  blog and podcast.  

Robert Greaves pointed out what the real story was.  

“Do you think ebay encourages the trade in illicit antiquities? Not so much stolen ones, but ones that have not been properly declared in the country they come from, which means people are not giving new sites a chance to be properly excavated by archaeologists.”

 I made a mistake.  I wrote him back with a simple:

“You could very well be right.”

Mr. Greaves had given me a teaching point and I had totally dismissed it.  No insight, no further exploration on the direction he gave me.  He had brought up a very important point.  There was something more here than the nature of museums and ’junk drawers’.  

For instance, read the following article.

University of California – Los Angeles. “EBay Has Unexpected, Chilling Effect On Looting Of Antiquities, Archaelogist Finds.” ScienceDaily, 9 May 2009. Web. 19 Apr. 2011. — Having worked for 25 years at fragile archaeological sites in Peru, UCLA archaeologist Charles “Chip” Stanish held his breath when the online auction house eBay launched more than a decade ago.

“My greatest fear was that the Internet would democratize antiquities trafficking, which previously had been a wealthy person’s vice, and lead to widespread looting,” said the UCLA professor of anthropology, who directs the UCLA Cotsen Institute of Archaeology.

Indeed, eBay has drastically altered the transporting and selling of illegal artifacts, Stanish writes in an article in the May/June issue of Archaeology, but not in the way he and other archaeologists had feared.

By improving access to a worldwide market, eBay has inadvertently created a vast market for copies of antiquities, diverting whole villages from looting to producing fake artifacts, Stanish writes. The proliferation of these copies also has added new risks to buying objects billed as artifacts, which in turn has worked to depress the market for these items, further reducing incentives to loot.

“For most of us, the Web has forever distorted the antiquities trafficking market in a positive way,” Stanish said.

Looting, which is illegal, is widely recognized as destructive to cultural heritage because it can remove from public ownership tangible links to a people’s past. In addition, looting is perceived as the enemy of scholarship because it typically is done without regard to any appropriate methods that allow scientists to date objects and to place them in a larger, more meaningful context.

One of the world’s premiere authorities on Andean archaeology and supervisor, at UCLA, of the one of the world’s largest collections of working archaeologists, Stanish has been tracking objects billed as antiquities on eBay for more than nine years. His conclusions also are informed by experiences with the U.S. customs service, which occasionally asks him to authenticate objects. In addition, Stanish has visited a number of workshops in Peru and Bolivia that specialize in reproductions of pottery and has interviewed these artisans. While his background is in South American archaeology, he has tracked eBay listings of antiquities from many cultures.

“Chinese, Bulgarian, Egyptian, Peruvian and Mexican workshops are now producing fakes at a frenetic pace,” he writes.

When he first started tracking eBay’s sales of antiquities, Stanish focused mainly on objects related to his field. At the time, the ratio of real artifacts to fakes was about 50-50, he estimates. About five years later, 95 percent were fakes. Now, he admits, he can’t always tell, because the quality of the fakes has improved so much.

He estimates that about 30 percent of “antiquities” currently for sale on eBay are obvious fakes, in so much as creators mix up iconography and choose colors and shapes for visual effect rather than authenticity. Another 5 percent or so are genuine treasures. The rest fall in the ambiguous “I would have to hold it in my hand to be able to make an informed decision” category, he writes. Stanish admits himself to occasionally being duped by fakes encountered in shops in areas where both looted items and fakes are sold.

The advent of eBay has had the biggest impact on the antiquities market by reducing the incentive to unearth precious treasures in the first place, Stanish has found.

“People who used to make a few dollars selling a looted artifact to a middleman in their village can now produce their own ‘almost-as-good-as-old’ objects and go directly to a person in a nearby town who has an eBay account,” he said. “They will receive the same amount or even more than they could have received for actual antiquities.”

As a result of the rise of a ready market, many of the primary purveyors have shifted from looting sites to faking antiquities.

In addition to linking craftsmen with a market for cheap fakes, eBay has tended to have a depressing effect on prices for real looted artifacts, further discouraging locals from pillaging precious sites.

“The value of … illicit digging decreases every time someone buys a ‘genuine’ Moche pot for $35, plus shipping and handling,” he writes. (An authentic antiquity would sell for upwards of $15,000.)

So far, authentication techniques have struggled to keep abreast of increasingly sophisticated fakes, Stanish said. Pottery can still be authenticated reliably, although the process is costly. In addition, forgers tend to only guarantee the authenticity of their pieces as long as no form of “destructive” analysis is used. While just a tiny flake of pottery is required for thermoluminescence dating — the gold standard for pottery — the process is technically considered destructive, Stanish points out, so the test invalidates such warrantees, no matter its conclusion.

Thanks to laser technology and chemical processes for forming antique-appearing patinas, stone and metal, reproductions are “almost impossible” to authenticate using today’s technology, Stanish writes. However, the prospect of authentication techniques eventually catching up with today’s fakes is also having a chilling effect on the market for antiquities, by dramatically adding to the risk of illicit, high-end trafficking.

“Who wants to spend $50,000 on an object ‘guaranteed’ to be ancient by today’s standards, when someone can come along in five years with a new technology that definitively proves it to be a fake,” he asks.

 -30- (End of story)

For actual pieces of antiquities never to catalogued, measured against other pieces, never to be studied by academia due to the business of digging it up and selling it on ebay for profit, puts a hole in the historical record.  Fake pieces are false made up facts, giving us a view of the past that never was.   Actual pieces dug up illegally and sold illegally empty the historical record of important evidence– giving nothing except building someone’s ego or filling space on a coffee table or taking up space in someone’s ‘junk drawer.’

Yes, I would like to own a bit of the past.  In a strange way it would make me feel ‘immortal’.

I admit its an odd emotional reaction, but if owning a bit of the past prevents the historical record from being whole, if it prevents knowledge from being studied and weighed, I’ll forgo the pleasure of making my bid on ebay.

Go to:  http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/05/090504193641.htm  to read the original article.

Mr. Greaves has a great blog site:  http://matters-arising.blogspot.com/